Izinto eziphathekayo
Yakhiwe ngealloyi zentsimbi ezomeleleyo, iintlawulo ze-GH zenziwa ngokukwazi ukumelana noxinzelelo olunzima kunye namaqondo obushushu ahlala ekhona kwindawo yokomba nzulu. Ukwakhiwa okuzinzileyo kwe-casing kuqinisekisa ukuba akuyi kutshatyalaliswa ngexesha lokusetyenziswa. Intlawulo ngaphakathi kwe-casing ikhethwe ngokukodwa ngokubhekiselele kwimveliso ephezulu yamandla kunye nokungena kwaye ifezekisa ukugqobhoza okwaneleyo kwi-geologies enzima. Ukusetyenziswa kwezinto ezisemgangathweni kuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kunye nexesha elide.
Iinkcukacha
• Ububanzi: Yenzelwe ngokukodwa ukuvelisa ukugqobhoza okuthe gqolo ngomlinganiselo ochanekileyo wokubhoresa okona kuqukuqelayo kwamanzi okuhamba.
• Ubude: Eyilwe ngamandla aneleyo ukwenza ukungena okunzulu kunye nokwenziwa komngxuma okungaguqukiyo.
• Ukwakheka okuqhushumbayo: Intlawulo inento eqhushumbayo evele yaphuhla efikelela esona sivuno siphezulu kunye nenkcitho encinci.
• Imveliso yamandla: Ihambisa ukukhutshwa kwamandla okulawulwayo ukuze kufunyanwe ubunzulu obuchanekileyo bokugqobhoza kunye nobubanzi.
• Uxhathiso loxinzelelo: Yakhelwe ngoxinzelelo lwemekobume yoxinzelelo oluqhelekileyo kunye namaqula amakhulu anzulu kuthathelwa ingqalelo.
• Ukuhambelana: Yakhelwe ngokukodwa nge-interface egudileyo yokusebenza kunye ne-Scalloped Hollow Carrier Guns.
| | IiNkcukacha zeTyala ezibunjiweyo | Ukwenziwa kwe-API yeentlawulo eziMilo |
| Umpu OD (ngaphakathi) [mm] | Uhlobo | Ubunzima obuqhushumbayo (g) | Uhlobo lokuqhushumba | Umpu ovavanyiweyo OD (kwi) [mm] | Ukuxinwa kokudubula (spf) [spm] | Izigaba | Casing OD (ngaphakathi) [mm] | Umngxuma wokungena (kwi) [mm] | Ukungena (ngaphakathi) [cm] | Uhlobo lweDatha |
| Iintlawulo ezimise okwemipu yeScalloped Hollow Carrier |
| 2 [51] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 6.5 | RDX | 2 [51] | 4 [13] | 60 ° | 2-7/8 [73] | 0.36 [9.14] | 11.82 [30.02] | API RP-43 |
| 2-1/2 [64] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 12.0 | HMX | 2-1/2 [64] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 3-1/2 [89] | 0.45 [11.43] | 20.31 [51.99] | API RP 19B |
| 3-1/8 [79] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 19.0 | HMX | 3-1/8 [79] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.55 [13.97] | 29.18 [74.12] | API RP 19B |
| 3-1/8 [79] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 21.0 | HMX | 3-1/8 [79] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.56 [14.22] | 29.23 [74.24] | API RP 19B |
| 3-1/8 [79] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 21.0 | HMX | 4-1/2 [114] | 12 [39] | 135/45 ° | 7 [178] | 0.46 [11.68] | 22.02 [55.93] | API RP 19B |
| 3-1/8 [79] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 22.7 | HMX | 3-3/8 [86] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.59 [14.99] | 29.42 [74,73] | API RP 19B |
| 3-3/8 [86] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 25.0 | RDX | 3-3/8 [86] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.57 [14.48] | 29.81 [75.72] | API RP-43 |
| 3-3/8 [86] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 19.0 | HMX | 3-1/8 [79] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.55 [13.97] | 29.18 [74.12] | API RP 19B |
| 3-3/8 [86] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 22.7 | HMX | 3-3/8 [86] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.59 [14.99] | 29.42 [74,73] | API RP 19B |
| 4 [102] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 19.0 | HMX | 3-1/8 [79] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.55 [13.97] | 29.18 [74.12] | API RP 19B |
| 4 [102] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 22.7 | HMX | 3-3/8 [86] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 4-1/2 [114] | 0.59 [14.99] | 29.42 [74,73] | API RP 19B |
| 4 [102] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 25.0 | RDX | 3-3/8 [86] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 5-1/2 [140] | 0.56 [14.22] | 35.61 [90.45] | API RP-43 |
| 4 [102] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 21.0 | HMX | 4-1/2 [114] | 12 [39] | 135/45 ° | 7 [178] | 0.46 [11.68] | 22.02 [55.93] | API RP 19B |
| 4-1/2 [114] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 25.0 | RDX | 4 [102] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 5-1/2 [140] | 0.56 [14.22] | 35.61 [90.45] | API RP-43 |
| 4-1/2 [114] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 21.0 | HMX | 4-1/2 [114] | 12 [39] | 135/45 ° | 7 [178] | 0.46 [11.68] | 22.02 [55.93] | API RP 19B |
| 4-5/8 [117] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 25.0 | RDX | 4 [102] | 6 [20] | 60 ° | 5-1/2 [140] | 0.56 [14.22] | 35.61 [90.45] | API RP-43 |
| 4-5/8 [117] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 21.0 | HMX | 4-1/2 [114] | 12 [39] | 135/45 ° | 7 [178] | 0.46 [11.68] | 22.02 [55.93] | API RP 19B |
| 7 [178] | Iintlawulo ezintle ezimilise umngxuma | 38.5 | RDX | 7 [178] | 12 [39] | 135/45 ° | 9-5/8 [245] | 0.75 [19.06] | 28.54 [72,49] | API RP-43 |
Iinkqubo zeMveliso
Iinkqubo zokwenza iintlawulo ze-GH ziquka iseti engqongqo yeenkqubo eziqinisekisa umgangatho ophezulu kunye nokuhambelana:
1. Ukwenziwa kweCasing: I-casing yentlawulo idityanisiwe kwaye yenziwe ngentsimbi esemgangathweni. Ukuzinza kunye nokomelela komntu ngamnye kubo kuvavanywa ngokucokisekileyo.
2. Ukulayisha okuqhumayo: Intlawulo yesiqhushumbisi ilinganisa ngokuchanekileyo kwaye ihlawulisa i-cartridge nganye ngokuhambelana kunye nesiphumo kwindawo.
3. Ukunyanga kunye nokuzinza: Iintlawulo zizinziswa emva kokutshaja ukuze into eqhumayo ingathotywanga ngexesha lokuthunyelwa kunye nokugcinwa.
4. Ukuchaneka koMatshini: Iintlawulo eziya kuzinziswa ziya kulungiswa ngoomatshini kunye neenkcukacha ezifanelekileyo ezifunekayo zifanelene ngokufanelekileyo ne-Scalloped Hollow Carrier Guns.
5. Uhlolo lokugqibela: Iintlawulo zihlolwa ngokomlinganiselo nangexesha lokusebenza ukuqinisekisa ukuba ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokugqwesa.
Uvavanyo loMgangatho kunye noHlolo
Ibhetshi yethu yeentlawulo ze-GH ifumana iseti ebanzi yovavanyo kumzamo wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphezulu:
• Isiqinisekiso soMdaniso: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba intlawulo nganye inomlinganiselo ochanekileyo ofunekayo we Scalloped Hollow Carrier Guns
• Iimvavanyo zokuSebenza eziqhumayo: Ukuqinisekisa ukuba umxube ogqabhukileyo oqhushumbayo unophinda-phinda kwaye uzinzile uqhawuka ovelisa imibhobho ecocekileyo.
• Uvavanyo loxinzelelo kunye nobushushu: Ukulinganisa ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nokusingqongileyo koxinzelelo ukuze kuqinisekiswe amandla kunye nokusebenza okuzinzile kwindawo ephantsi komhlaba.
• Uvavanyo loKhuseleko: Iintlawulo zifumana iimvavanyo ezingqongqo zokhuseleko ngokuhambelana nemigangatho yoshishino, ukuqinisekisa ukuthutha okukhuselekileyo kunye nokuphathwa.
• Uvandlakanyo loMsebenzi: Intlawulo yokugqibela inovandlakanyo lokugqibela lokusebenza oluqinisekisa ukuba ifikelela kwidayamitha efunekayo kunye nobunzulu bokugqobhoza.
Ezona mpawu
• ImiSebenzi echanekileyo: Iintlawulo ze-GH ziya kudala imibhobho ecocekileyo nechanekileyo eyandisa ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwequla.
• Ukungena nzulu: Iintlawulo zenzelwe ngokukodwa ukudala imibhobho egqobhozayo eya kwandisa ukungena kwequla kwiindawo ezinzima zejoloji.
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla: Izinto eziqhumayo ezenziwe ngokukodwa ziqinisekisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwamandla kunenkcitho encinci kunye nokungena okuphezulu.
• Ihlala ixesha elide kwaye ithembekile: Yakhelwe ngeyona ndawo inzima ezantsi engqondweni kwaye iyakwazi ukumelana nabo bonke ubomi bequla.
•Isisombululo Esineendleko: Ibonelela ngexabiso kunye nebhalansi yokusebenza kunye nesisombululo sezoqoqosho esihambelana neemfuno zabaqhubi.
Izicelo zoShishino
Iintlawulo ze-GH zifumana ukusetyenziswa okukhulu kwipetroleum kunye negesi yendalo ngexesha leenkqubo zokugqobhoza kunye nokuvuselela kakuhle. Zifaneleke ngokufanelekileyo
• Ukuqhekeka kweHydraulic (Ukuqhekeka): Isetyenziselwa kwimisebenzi yokuqhekeka ukuvula iifractures kwindawo yokugcina amanzi, ukuququzelela ulwelo kunye nenaliti ye-propant.
• Amadama aqhelekileyo: Ilungele ukugqobhoza amaqula aqhelekileyo edama ukuze kuphuculwe ukufunyanwa kwakhona kwe-oyile negesi.
• Amadama angavumelekanga: Ilungele amadama angavumelekanga anje nge-shale efuna imibhobho emincinci nanzulu.
• Ukuvuselela kakuhle: Iintlawulo ze-GH zisetyenziselwa ukuphucula uqhagamshelwano lwe-wellbore, ukunyusa imveliso yolwelo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi.
Ukupakishwa kunye noGcino
Ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweentlawulo ze-GH, zifakwe kwimigqomo engathintekiyo ethintela umonakalo ngexesha lokuhamba kunye nokugcinwa. Ukupakishwa kuhambelana nemimiselo yezinto ezinobungozi ukuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Iimeko zokugcina ezomileyo, ezipholileyo zibalulekile ukugcina umgangatho wentlawulo kunye nokuthembeka de ukuthunyelwa. Kuphephe ukuzigcina kwiindawo ezinobushushu obugqithisileyo okanye ukufuma ukunqanda ukuthotywa kwezinto eziqhumayo.
Ukuthunyelwa ngenqanawa
I-GH ilungiselela ukuthunyelwa ngokuhambelana nemimiselo yokuthunyelwa kwezinto ezinobungozi ukwenzela ukuba zibe kumgangatho ophezulu wemigangatho yokhuseleko. Bapakishwa ngoqwalaselo olukhulu kwaye ngokuchasene nemikhosi yangaphandle yokuthumela kunye nokuhanjiswa okufunekayo amaxwebhu okhuseleko kunye nayo nayiphi na iodolo. Iinkcukacha zee-odolo zithunyelwa kunye nomthengi ngenketho yokuhambisa egudileyo kwaye eguquguqukayo esekwe kwiimfuno zabathengi.